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-of from three to seven parts of gravel and sand to one part of linie. These materials are intimately mixed' a it t d it @glatten gioire Letters Pute/uf .Vovlifi-l, lated JIL/ic -l, lfii.

IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION 0F PERS, BOOKS, AND WHARVES.

in Srlnnulc ninnh tn in ligen 'irtlcri iiintnit :un uiting pnt si its simu.

To ALL wrion rr MAY coronas;

15e it vknown ,that I, RIOHARD A. GLLPIN of Chester count', Pennsvlvania have invented a new and `improved Construction of Wharves, Piers, und Docks, applicable also to the piers and ahutuicnts of bridges, sea

walls, harbors, and other hydraulic works oi' a like character; and l do hereby declare that the following is n full and exact description thereof, reference' being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 represents the front elevation or face of the .rhari', pierJ tite., as it would appear when completed. lt is of cast i on, and consists of main piles, a a, at convenient distances apart, and driven deep into the solid foundation. These piles are of. the forni shown in the horizontal section, Figure 5, a. They are cast with return grooves on the Sides, and are secured by land ties,` ol d, the heads of which are shown at Z Z, iig. l. The spaces between the inain piles are filled by cast-iron plates, b b', with return flanges on the edges,in'hieh dt into `the grooves of the mainl piles, as shown in iig. 5, b These plates are strengthened by projecting flanges on the back, as sho' n by the dotted lines, iig. l. The lower edge of the lower plate is cast to a sharp point and chilled, as shown atf, Figure- 8. This plate is driven well into the solid foundation. In cases where it is thought advisable to use wooden sheet piling in the foundation between the niain piles, as shown at e, hg. l, the loiver edge of the lower plate is cast with a box-socket, as shown at lr, Figure 9. This is driven down on the heads ofthe sheet piling and secures them. The horizontaljoints of the plates are made as shown ntj, Figuie 7. The lower edge oi' the upper plate is cast with a lip inside and outside, forming a groove or socketwhich tits down upon the upper edge ci' the lower plate and secures it.- When it is thought advisable to have the main piles in more than one casting, the pieces or sections arcjoined, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, when the upper end of the lower section is cast with a socket, and the lower end of' the upper section with a tongue which its into the socket, and the joint is steadied and secured. by a land tie, as shown at m, iig. l0. The points of the main piles are formed, as shown at n n, iig. 1, and the lower edge chilled. '.lhc top of the wharf pier 1c is finished with a combing, moulded in front, as shown at c c, g. l, and enlarged iii Figure 6. The combing or cap is bolted in front to the main pipes and plates, and on the inside is secured under the paving or solid hacking of the wharf, pier,

Figure il shows a vertical cross-section of the wharf, pier, clic. it shows the main piles, plates, combing,"

and land tics in oosition, andnlso a wall of concrete or rubble rest-iinr on the solid foundation and formino the sund baeltinuY to the iron front of thenvhari" ier &c. The concrete Viorinnnr the bachnw is made of clean a 7 i a c gravel und sand, and hydraulic lime when uscdibelow water, and quick-lime when used above, in 'the proportion together with a slight addition of Water, and are projected from a considerable height into the place where they are to i'orm the wall or solid backing. y p

Figure 3 shows a horizontal section oi' the wharf, pier, 5to., with the main piles, plates, land 'ties in place, arid the concrete wall behind.

Figure el shows the groundfplan or top or the wharf, pier, 52e., with the cup or combing oi' iron and the paving.

From the above description of and references to the accompanying drawings, the construction of wharves, piers, itc., which I claim as new and my invention, will he readily understood. The :nain piles are placed accurately in the line of the face ofthe wharf, and are driven deep into the, solid foundation at the props/ idistances apart. The lower plates are then placed with their return iianges in the grooves on the sides of the main piles, dropped to theirrplaces, and driven 'some two or three feet into the solid foundation. The upper plates are then dropped into their places, the combingr or cap is 'bolted in its place, und the i'ront or face oi" the wharf, pier, lite., is complete. The earth is then excavated behind and dredged ont down to the solid foundation, the land ties are fixed in their position, and the concrete is then projected into the excavation until it reaches the surface, forming a. solid and homogeneous backing to the iron-Werl; of 'the front.

What I Aclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, s

The construction, arrangement, and combination oi' the piles a a, plates b ties el d, and wall it h, in the manner and for the purpose herein described.

RCHRD A. GILPTN;

Witnesses:

SAMUEL Monotones, Wn. WHITEHEAD. 

